FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a method for identifying probable failure modes in a system, as well as their causes and effects, by analysing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible. Failure modes and their impacts on the rest of the system are recorded in a separate FMEA spreadsheet for each component. There are many different kinds of worksheets like this. When mathematical failure rate models are integrated with a statistical failure mode ratio database, an FMEA can be turned into a quantitative study. It was one of the earliest highly structured and systematic failure analysis methodologies. It was created in the late 1950s by reliability engineers to investigate problems that could come from military system failures. An FMEA is usually the first step of a system reliability study.

FMEA is a method for determining where certain systems or machinery may fail. The most obvious advantage of this examination is that it allows a corporation to be proactive. It’s a great tool to be able to analyse your components and subsystems while also detecting probable system failure modes.
The systematic technique of FMEA enables you to predict possible failures in the design or manufacturing phases of a product. FMEA can be divided into two categories: Design FMEA (DFMEA) and Process FMEA (PFMEA).
There are three categories in DFMEA and PFMEA. To assess the amount of threat, these categories have a scoring matrix that spans from 1 to 10. The following are the details:

• Severity: This category indicates the level of risk to the end consumer, with 1 indicating a low risk and 10 indicating a significant danger to the final customer.
• Occurrence: The chance of the risk event occurring is shown below; a 1 indicates a low likelihood of the risk occurring, while a 10 indicates a very high likelihood of the risk occurring.
• Detection: Finally, we determine whether or not a failure is likely to be detected. This is inversely proportional, as opposed to the previous scores. A 1 suggests that the process is likely to notice a failure, whereas a 10 indicates that the process is unlikely to detect a failure.

Adding the three scores together (Severity * Occurrence * Detection) after rating each category’s risk. A Risk Priority Number is the result of this calculation (RPN). The RPNs are then sorted in ascending order, and you can take action on the highest risks to reduce the overall risk.
Failures, in a nutshell, are faults or defects that can be possible or actual. Failure modes, on the other hand, are the ways in which a device or process fails. In terms of failure impacts, this refers to the various ways in which these failures can result in flaws, waste, or adverse outcomes. Device or process failures, bodily damage, or a decline in product quality are all examples of this. Other systems may be harmed as a result of these system failures. Effects analysis, as you can see, is a study of how failures affect various system components.